Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) also MASLD, formerly NAFLD
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If any of the following are present or suspected, please refer the patient to the emergency department (via ambulance if necessary) or follow local emergency care protocols or seek emergent medical advice if in a remote region.
Potentially life-threatening symptoms suggestive of:
- Acute severe GI bleeding
- Acute liver failure: (acutely abnormal liver blood tests in absence of cirrhosis, associated with development of coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy)
- Sepsis in a patient with cirrhosis
- Severe encephalopathy in a patient with liver disease
- New significant renal dysfunction in a patient with cirrhosis
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- Refer to HealthPathways or local guidelines
- Manage cardiometabolic risk factors
- Lifestyle modification (increased activity, dietary, weight, smoking, alcohol)
- Address misuse of other substance (illicit and prescription drugs)
- Consider cessation of hepatotoxic medication, complementary and alternative medicines, NSAIDs and benzodiazepines
- Education: MAFLD-cirrhosis and HCC surveillance
| Category 1 (appointment within 30 calendar days) |
|
| Category 2 (appointment within 90 calendar days) |
NB: Patients with MAFLD categorised as at low risk of advanced liver fibrosis by first- +/- second line testing without additional cause(s) of liver disease do not need referral however do require ongoing primary care follow-up including management of their cardiometabolic risk profile and liver fibrosis reassessment every 2 years. Recommend yearly monitoring in T2DM if using FIB-4 score NB: Category 2 cases can be referred to local/regional general physician if gastroenterology access is not locally available |
| Category 3 (appointment within 365 calendar days) |
NB: Patients with MAFLD categorised as at low risk of advanced liver fibrosis by first- +/- second line testing without additional cause(s) of liver disease do not need referral however do require ongoing primary care follow-up including management of their cardiometabolic risk profile and liver fibrosis reassessment every 2 years. Recommend yearly monitoring in T2DM if using FIB-4 score |
Please insert the below information and minimum referral criteria into referral
1. Reason for request Indicate on the referral
- To establish a diagnosis
- For treatment or intervention
- For advice and management
- For specialist to take over management
- Reassurance for GP/second opinion
- For a specified test/investigation the GP can't order, or the patient can't afford or access
- Reassurance for the patient/family
- For other reason (e.g. rapidly accelerating disease progression)
- Clinical judgement indicates a referral for specialist review is necessary
2. Essential referral information Referral will be returned without this
- General referral information including details of presenting issues
- Comorbidities and past medical history (including cardiometabolic risk factors)
- Alcohol and drug/medication history (including complementary and alternative medicines)
- Height, weight and BMI
- FIB-4, ELFT, FBC results less than 3 months old
- HBV, HCV serology, fasting glucose, HbA1c and fasting lipid results
- Recent upper abdominal ultrasound or CT reports
3. Additional referral information Useful for processing the referral
- Family history of liver disease or diabetes
- Record of previous liver function tests
- Iron studies/INR
4. Request
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Patient's Demographic Details
- Full name (including aliases)
- Date of birth
- Residential and postal address
- Telephone contact number/s – home, mobile and alternative
- Medicare number (where eligible)
- Name of the parent or caregiver (if appropriate)
- Preferred language and interpreter requirements
- Identifies as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
Referring Practitioner Details
- Full name
- Full address
- Contact details – telephone, fax, email
- Provider number
- Date of referral
- Signature
Relevant clinical information about the condition
- Presenting symptoms (evolution and duration)
- Physical findings
- Details of previous treatment (including systemic and topical medications prescribed) including the course and outcome of the treatment
- Body mass index (BMI)
- Details of any associated medical conditions which may affect the condition or its treatment (e.g. diabetes), noting these must be stable and controlled prior to referral
- Current medications and dosages
- Drug allergies
- Alcohol, tobacco and other drugs use
Reason for request
- To establish a diagnosis
- For treatment or intervention
- For advice and management
- For specialist to take over management
- Reassurance for GP/second opinion
- For a specified test/investigation the GP can't order, or the patient can't afford or access
- Reassurance for the patient/family
- For other reason (e.g. rapidly accelerating disease progression)
- Clinical judgement indicates a referral for specialist review is necessary
Clinical modifiers
- Impact on employment
- Impact on education
- Impact on home
- Impact on activities of daily living
- Impact on ability to care for others
- Impact on personal frailty or safety
- Identifies as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
Other relevant information
- Willingness to have surgery (where surgery is a likely intervention)
- Choice to be treated as a public or private patient
- Compensable status (e.g. DVA, Work Cover, Motor Vehicle Insurance, etc.)
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If any of the following are present or suspected, please refer the patient to the emergency department (via ambulance if necessary) or follow local emergency care protocols or seek emergent medical advice if in a remote region.
Please note that where appropriate and where available, the referral may be streamed to an associated public allied health and/or nursing service. Access to some specific services may include initial assessment and management by associated public allied health and/or nursing, which may either facilitate or negate the need to see the public medical specialist.
A change in patient circumstance (such as condition deteriorating, or becoming pregnant) may affect the urgency categorisation and should be communicated as soon as possible.
Please indicate in the referral if the patient is unable to access mandatory tests or investigations as they incur a cost or are unavailable locally.
Last updated: 29 January 2025
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